Tahtib

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The complete Arabic name of Tahtib is "Fann el Nazaha Wal Tahtib" which means "the Art (Fann) of Uprightness and Honesty (Nazaha) through the use of stick". The term "Tahtib" derives from "Hatab" which means "stick or wood" ; "Hatab" refers to the object while "Tahtib" refers to the Art or the Way similar to the use of "Karate" rather than "Karate-Do" or "Aiki" rather than "Aikido". The origins of Tahtib seem to go back to the 2nd millennium BC. some of Tahtib gestures are engraved in the walls of three tombs among the 39 rock-cut tombs of the archaeological site of Beni Hasan, in the eastern bank of the Nile, near the city of Minya. The necropolis comprises tombs of officials (nomarchs) of the XI and XII dynasties of ancient Egypt.

Ancient Egyptians performed stick fencing or stick fighting as a form of entertainment. This type of fencing was probably based on actual fighting systems used in combat with a shield and a sword  which then evolved into a system with its own rules and methods. The fighting stick does not appear to have been used as a, rather it was used primarily as a training tool and/or for sport. There were advantages of teaching stick fighting, along with other combat sports such as a wrestling, the main advantage being that the Egyptian army could be kept trained and ready for war. In many respects it resembles the sport of single stick.

Some assumptions have to be made in order to understand the stick fighting technique of the ancient Egyptians; Their rules were probably simple and few, and there are two schools of thought on the main objective: the contest was one of either endurance or skill. There is stronger evidence, however, that the game was one of skill and that striking the head was a primary goal.

The art of stick fighting in Egypt around the twenty-first dynasty might have been similar to kenjutsu of Japan where a wooden bokken is used. A curved stick resembling the rungu of eastern Africa without the knobbed end was used in conjunction with a shield. Shabbako Sabtah, Shebitku Sabbtecha, and Tantamun Taiharcha reputedly saved Jeruselem and Egypt more than once from the attacks of Sanachareb, and later, Esshardon of Assyria using this system of combat.

Sabbekka and other wrestling or grappling systems also used daggers, but in practice used small sticks to limit serious harm to practitioners.